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Overgrowth free 2063/20/2023 ![]() agglutination tests, complement fixation tests, indirect immunofluorescence Molecular methods Polymerase Chain Reaction latex agglutination Antibody detection e. Non-cultural diagnostic methods Antigen detection e.g. Identification of Bacteria Morphology Growth requirements Biochemistry Enzymes Antigens Lowenstein-Jensen media for TB Liquid media (broth) For enrichment or maximum sensitivity Īdvantages of Solid Media isolation of single clonal colonies get bacterium in pure culture identify by colonial morphology quantification by colony-forming units auramine Immunofluorescence Ĭulture of Bacteria Solid media Agar plates For Identification For Enumeration Slopes For safe long-term culture, e.g. Microscopy Stained preparations Gram-stain Acid-fast stain Ziehl-Neelsen Fluorescence Direct, e.g. Microscopy Unstained preparations “ Wet prep” Dark-ground illumination for syphilis Gram stain sensitivities Serodiagnosis DNA technologies by disc diffusion methods, breakpoints or MICs blood cultures insufficient sample / sampling error e.g.in mycobacterial disease Animal/patient has received antibiotics ĭiagnosis of Bacterial Infection culture on plates or in broth identification by biochemical or serological tests on pure growth from single colony microscopy Decolorise Counterstain Stain unstained or stained with e.g. ![]() saliva instead of sputum delay in transport / inappropriate storage e.g. Specimens & Infection Control Please be considerate to lab staff!! Label hazardous specimens Don't send specimens to the lab without proper packing Leaking or blood-stained specimens are not acceptable!!! įactors limiting usefulness of bacteriological investigations wrong sample e.g. Getting the specimen to the lab Problems in delay or inappropriate storage delay in diagnosis & treatment pathogens die contaminants overgrow Blood cultures directly into incubator not refrigerator! CSF straight to lab Don't put an entire surgical specimen into formalin! Send a portion to microbiology in a sterile container Ĭollecting the specimen correctly Take an mid-stream urine avoids contamination with perineal flora CSF Avoid contamination Avoid bloody tap Throat swab Make the patient gag! Blood cultures Avoid contamination with skin organisms Laboratory Diagnosis of Infection Ask the lab for a diagnosis, expecting a yes or no, but often end up with just a maybe…īasic Principles of Lab diagnosis Clinical assessment Collecting and transporting specimens Microscopy Culture Sensitivity Non-cultural diagnostic methods Virological diagnosis ĭiagnosis of Bacterial Infection Patient Clinical diagnosis Haematology Biochemistry Non-microbiological investigations Radiology Sample Take the correct specimen Take the specimen correctly Label & package the specimen up correctly Appropriate transport & storage of specimenĪ proper clinical assessment is essential for optimal use of laboratory services!Ĭollecting the correct specimen Pernasal swabs for pertussis Sputum, not saliva Blood culture bottles, not clotted blood Correctly timed Gentamicin assays Pus, not swabs (Less than 2 lines) Getting 2 know in BLS 206! Qn1: Highlight the major steps involved during Gram’s stain in a diagnostic lab Qn2: Briefly explain why Gram –ve bacteria don’t retain basic stain after decolourization. AT THE END OF THE COURSE, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO APPLY: MOLECULAR/CONVENTIONAL DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY TECHNIQUE IN D’SE Dx! NB: 1. BLS 206: DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY HOZA, A.S (2010) ROAD MAP …………….
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